A OTALGIA (EARACHE)

Otalgia Definition

Otalgia (Ot Mean = ear , algia mean = Pain)

It is a Condition in which Pain in Ear this is know as Otalgia, It is Two Type One is Primary Otalgia and Other is Secondary Otalgia.

Types

1. Primary otalgia: When ear Pain directly in the ear. it is called as primary otalgia.
2. Secondary otalgia: Ear pain without involving ear Causes, it is called as secondary otalgia.

Etiology

• External ear trauma
• Any Object in ear Like Pea,Wheet, Gram etc.
• Obstruction in ear Threw Foreign Body,
• Eustachian tube disorders
• Ear infections (Bacterial, Fungal and Viral)
• Infection of tympanic membrane
• Otitis media (Inflammation in Middle Ear)
• Mastoiditis (Inflammation of Mastoid Bone)
• Cholesteatoma: An abnormal growth in ear.
• Benign masses of the external ear canal
• Insertion of any sharp object into ear
• Infection (URTI) Upper Respiratory Tract Infection.

Pathophysiology

1. • Infection of ear

• URTI (Upper Respiratory Tract Infection)
• Trauma or injury in ear
• Any sharp object insertion in ear

1. Inflammatory reaction in ear
2. Tissue injury around the ear
3. Release of inflammatory mediators
4. Pain in ear (Otalgia)

Clinical Manifestations

1. Sense of fullness
2. Otorrhea – Drainge from ear
3. Tenderness (Pain when on compression)
4. Throbbing sensation in ear
5. Hearing loss
6. Occasional dizziness
7. Intense ear pain
8. Mild to moderate degree fever
9. Thickened and bulging tympanic membrane.

Diagnostic Evaluation

1. History Collection
2. Physical Examination
3. Otoscope
4. CBC (Complete Blood Count)

Management
Goals

• To Promote healing
• To Relieve pain
• To Restore normal ear functions

Medical Management

• Antibiotics (local or systemic)
• Topical antibiotic drops
• Administer analgesics to relieve pain
• Myringotomy to ventilate the middle ear.

Surgical Management

A. Myringaplaty: Surgery performed on tympanic membrane with use of operating microscope. Repair perforated membrane is called a myringoplasty.

B . Tympanoplasty: Tympanoplasty is the surgical correction of a perforated tympanic membrane. It is
divided into four types:

• Type I: Graft rests on malleus
• Type II: Graft rests on incus
• Type III: Graft attaches to head of stapes
• Type IV: Graft attaches to foot plate of stapes.

C. Ossiculoplasty: The surgical procedure of ossicular reconstruction is called ossiculoplasty.
D. Myringotomy: An incision is made in tympanic membrane through which fluid is removed by suction. It is called as myringotomy.
E. Mastoidectomy: Radical mastoidectomy removes contents of the mastoid bone to control infection and cholesteatoma.

Nursing Management

• Avoid exposure to loud noises
• Treat the upper respiratory infections (UTI)
• Obtain a complete history